Reflexivity and Modern Works of Anthropology Essay -- Ethnography Cult

Reflexivity and Modern Works of Anthropology The role of reflexivity in Anthropology has changed a great deal over time. The effects of doing ethnography on the ethnographer was not considered an important mode of inquiry in the past. While inevitably, going to far distant lands and living with a culture so different from your own will at least cause the ethnographer to reflect on personal issues but most likely will cause profound changes in the way he or she will view the world. But in the past these changes were not important. What was necessary for the ethnographer to do in the past was to document a culture break it down structurally and quantify the observations made. The reflexive nature of his or her experiences were of little or no importance to the anthropological community. But over the years this has changed tremendously and Anthropology concerns itself more and more with the interactions between the ethnographer and his or her informants and the changes that occur in both due to the research being conducted. The sc ope of this paper will be to show this transition and also why it occurred. The role of the Anthropologist in the past has been to document other cultures in order so the colonial authorities could better know how to rule them this is apparent in Bronislaw Malinowski's essay on the Trobriand islanders. He said, "The ethnographer has in the field, according to what has just been said, the duty before him of drawing up all the rules and regularities of tribal life; all that is permanent and fixed; of giving an anatomy of their culture, of depicting the constitution of their society. But these things, though crystallized and set, are nowhere formulated. There is no written or explicitly expressed code ... ... not to say that a "scientific" documentation of the structure of the culture being studied should be forgotten about. But rather instead of being the main point of concern (as with Malinowski) it should be used to strengthen the arguments expressed by the author. Also as done with many other forms reflexivity should be able to be expressed in more abstract ways instead of just simply stating how you were effected and vice versa. But overall I think reflexivity is a good thing for Anthropological writing. In conclusion, anthropology has come long way in the past few generations, at least in the sense of the writings produced by the students of this field. But perhaps this is due to the audience who reading the works and not the anthropologists doing the research. In any case reflexivity is definitely more openly expressed in the more modern works of Anthropology.

Review of Related Literatures and Studies Essay

The proponents reviewed several related studies and literature. This was done to clarify different ideas from other studies and literature. Relevant ideas of some students who developed some software were also reviewed. Related Literature The proponents understand that the program to be made without intellectual development could crash and might not be attracted to the uses and beneficiaries. The communication between the target user and the programmer should be clear, and sharp. According to George Gerard G. Mendoza (2005), two reasons why people use computers regardless of their profession. First, they are fast. Second, they are accurate. To improve the current grading system, manual and duplicative tasks need to be computerized. Computerization of tasks will also pave the way for the unification of the grading system with the enrollment system and student information system. Josefina Estolas in the book Fundamentals of Research (1995). A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of data. That is the system hides certain details of how the data are stored and maintained as stated by Abraham Silberschatz, Database System Concepts (1999). A database is an organized collection of facts and information. An organizations database can contain facts and information on customers, employees, inventory, competitors, sales information and much more. Most Managers and executive believe a database is one of the most valuable and important parts of a computer-based Related Literature Foreign Study According to Ms. Barbara Riggs and Mr. Jacob I. Lee (1994) of the University of Maryland as they perceived from their study as regards with the old grading system of their university and the problems encountered. It is a daunting task to process 130,000 grades in a timely — let alone painless — manner every semester. Add to this the collection of Early Warning grades and there is a tremendous amount of work for both†©our administrative staff and the faculty. Therefore, it was no surprise when several faculties voiced concern over the traditional time-consuming grade collection process. Our established method of grade collection was similar to other universities during the mid 80’s. Scannable grade sheets were produced for each course section and distributed to the faculty. Over 8,000 grade sheets were created every semester and then hand carried to academic departments by R & R support staff. The departments were then responsible for delivering grade sheets to the appropriate instructor. After all this routing, it was not unusual for a faculty member to request a new grade sheet because the original had been lost or damaged. Once the grade sheet made it to the faculty member’s hands, they were required to write the grade and then fill in the corresponding bubble with a #2 pencil on the scanning form. If mistakes were made the faculty member had to be sure to erase the incorrect mark completely. Erasures often led to scanner misreads and recording of incorrect grades. Faculty were also required to return all grade sheets to the Records & Registrations office within 48 hours of their final exam. Grade sheets were not permitted to be returned by mail because they could not be folded, but, more importantly, because mailing created security issues. Obviously, the scale of organization and centralization of grade sheet distribution and collection was enormous. Because of security concerns, controls had to be foolproof. Grade correction was very tedious and time-consuming. So, as technological capabilities and services were successfully developed for students, both faculty and administrators saw the potential to automate the existing grade collection process.

Analysis Of `` I Love Beijing `` - 1075 Words

Abstract: Normally, space is thought of as distance or an expansive area, available or unoccupied. It is almost never limited to just a single definition. If one were not attentive to the way urbanization can depict space revolved around objects or people on earth and patterns within their arrangement, it would be very confusing to distinguish space from freedom. For this journal entry, I will base an analysis of space on the film, â€Å"I love Beijing† with references from the article, â€Å"Money, space, and Time†, by Harvey. â€Å"I love Beijing† is a remarkable film about city space and in my humble opinion, human responses to it. The main character, a young man in his late twenties, drives a taxi for a living. Apparently, his occupation or lack of†¦show more content†¦Yet the lengthy periods the wife vociferously complained her husband worked, reflects a paradox of money representing social labor time, while its rise transform and shape the meaning of time. A segment from Harvey’s article, â€Å"Role of space, money, and time,† explicitly describe these very factors to be influential for understanding complications in urban life. â€Å"The analysis of money, space, and time in the context of capital accumulation with its dominant class relations reveals much about the dynamics of the urban process, its inner tensions, and the significance of urbanization to capitalism s evolution.† Analytically, there were other indicators relating to how Desi’s job, created â€Å"emotional space† between the main character and his wife. One interesting observation worth noting is the noticeable pattern in how the husband acquired relationships through his occupation as a taxi driver. The women he built short-lived relationships with had insecurities and struggled financially. Tension or rather emotional breakdowns are likely to occur as it did for the first wife and waitress who demonstrated different outcries for the same experiences with loneliness, confusion, and depression from living harsh realities in the poorest parts of cities. It is evident, however that when urban life falls short on its promis es to fulfill happiness for its lower income residents, the man who is considered the most privileged member of a

Essay about Informative Speech How to Build a Resume

Informative Speech Many individuals have stressed out over job interviews and their resumes. I think that everyone has including me. It is very vital to have a quality resume if you want to get a good job after graduation. Stressing out over getting a good job and having a good resume is something that everyone in this room can relate to, I’m sure. If not then you probably have a great skill that many wish they had. Throughout my college career I have gone to numerous resume building workshops and have had numerous resumes myself to perfect it. I think that having a strong resume is very important and I think that everyone should have the chance to learn how to build a successful resume. What I’m going to teach you during my speech†¦show more content†¦According to the resume and cover letters section of Ohio State University’s website, you should include your contact information which would include your phone number, email address, your major, and your GPA if above a 3.0. You also need to list any of your goals that you want your future employer to know. You need to give your professional profile including your work history and any honors or interests you have. You should never include any information from high school in your resume. It is helpful if you update your resume when new experiences can be provided. You need to show who you are in the business world and make sure that your resume is clear, consistent, and constant. So now that you know what your resume is and what you need to put into it you need to know how to set it up. In setting up a resume there is no proper way of doing it. Just make sure that it is simple, to the point, and clear for the employer to understand. You cannot do your resume in one hour, so give yourself some time to review it and also have a rough copy to have other people review it. You can look at samples online as there are numerous templates available. I have printed you off a template to take home so that you may create your own resume. In the article by Erin Binns, Uncovering Resume and Skill Building Opportunities in Today’s Market, she says that you should only have a one page resume, two at the most. Never ramble in your resume, get right to the point. You need to makeShow MoreRelatedThe American Public Education System Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThink Outside The Box Tired of the same old routine? Too much pressure is being put on high school students; some students do not even know how to cope with it. The way that the American public education system has planned to make these individuals succeed is really not how it should be. Students are being taught information that will not be as useful once they become adults. Students should be able to receive the knowledge they need in order to succeed in life. 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A Focus on Interpretation and Communication Most chapters include a section titled â€Å"Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses.† These sections include advice on how to best communicate the results of a statistical analysis and also consider how to interpret statistical summaries ââ€"   Preface xv found in journals and other published sources. A subsection titled â€Å"A Word to the Wise† reminds readers of things that must be considered in order to ensure

The Impact Of International Business On The Domestic And...

The importance of international business is to withstand and build competitions for the creation of economic value both in the domestic and overseas markets . however, international business has a variation of models that can be identify the environmental analysis of some countries. internationalizatioon of companies can be achieved by using these models to finf the right location overseas by taking the institutional, cultural fit and success opportunities into concern. These models also give an in depth information on location that are chosen by the company. A well know framework is the Porter’s Diamond model which was created by Micheal Porter in 1990, this framework helps with the advantages and disadvantages to map out a company’s home and host locationdecision by anaysising two high street retailers of Walmart and ikea . Porter’s Diamond model states that nation’s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade, howeve r, this depends on its productivity level of the nation. From the point of views of the company a national competivitve advantage means that it willhave to depend on the nation to implement a home based to improve their existing products and services such as features, quality, technology and also being able to compete with other international industries. The advantage of this model is that it identifies the four factors that help in the development of the essential national environments where companies are born, grow andShow MoreRelatedMr. Muza1493 Words   |  6 PagesInternational marketing International marketing is marketing carried out by firms overseas or across national borderlines. 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Vodafone AirTouch’s bid for Mannesmann Free Essays

First of all, one has to mention that it is always difficult to evaluate a company. There is no single measure/calculation who can give you the valuation of a company. The value of a company can be different for every single human being. We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone AirTouch’s bid for Mannesmann or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, Vodafone Air Touch will try to calculate a very low valuation of the company because it wants to pay as less as possible, and Mannesmann a very high valuation, because it wants to get as much money as possible. As a result, it often depends on the interest of the different persons who evaluate a company. In October 1999, Mannesmann offered shares around 157. â‚ ¬. This was before the acquisition of Orange PLC, a competitor of Vodafone Air Touch in the UK market. After the acquisition, Vodafone offered 266â‚ ¬ per share, 68% more than the 157. 8â‚ ¬ per share Mannesmann offered few weeks before. Despite, this very high premium, Mannesmann’s CEO evaluated his company 350â‚ ¬ per share. Here in this case, I think that the main reason for this high price differences is that with time, Mannesmann’s bargaining position changed. In the beginning, their position was not as strong as in the end when they achieved to acquire Orange Plc, a telecommunication company in the U. K. which was growing faster than Vodafone. As a result, Mannesmann became a stronger competitor for Vodafone and Mannesmann’s CEO knew that. As a consequence, he increased the valuation of his company. The reason why for instance an analyst from Julius Baar valuated Mannesmann between 250â‚ ¬ and 350â‚ ¬ per share and many other analysts between 174â‚ ¬ and 250â‚ ¬ per share may have some reasons. The main reason is that, as anticipated before, it is very difficult to evaluate a company. Furthermore, it is even more difficult to evaluate how many synergies Vodafone Air Touch would benefit from this takeover. So it is very difficult to evaluate how much this Mannesmann takeover could be worth for Vodafone Air Touch. Moreover, one has to check which analysts own stocks of Mannesmann or Vodafone because this may also influence the different evaluations. (2) In your opinion, in general, when a company is the target of a hostile takeover bid, who should decide whether the terms and conditions of this bid are acceptable? The Chief Executive Officer (or the equivalent) of the target company? Or its Chairperson (if another person than the CEO)? Its board of directors? Its shareholders ? If the shareholders, how practically should they make their decision? In my opinion, only the shareholders should take this type of decision. They are the one who own the company, and they should decide if they accept the takeover bid or not. If 50 % + X agree with the bid price, then the takeover should take place. Of course, before taking the decision, they should listen to the opinion of the CEO, the Chairperson, some analysts, as well as the Board of Directors. However, in my opinion, none of these key persons should take part of the decision making process. In my opinion, the shareholders are the one who own the company, and they should decide what should happen with their investment. For instance, let us assume the employees would take part of decision making process. Then, in most of the cases, the employees would vote against a take over, because they fear about their jobs. They would never take a neutral decision, but a decision which is the best for them, not caring about the fact that the shareholders loose a high premium. They, as well as the trade unions, would vote against an takeover because they fear for the jobs. However, they never think about the fact, that if the company is not taken over, the company who made a mid remains a competitor. And this competitor could increase its market share in spite of the smaller company that did not accept the takeover. And in this case, the employees of the smaller company would even risk to loose more jobs. The CEO and the the Chairperson should never take this type of decisions. Because, they are only in charge of the operations of the company, but they do not own the company. As a result, they should not decide about the matter. 3) In the case of the Vodafone AirTouch bid for Mannesmann, who should have made the decision ? (Please take into account the fact that Mannesmann had two boards, the supervisory board, and the management board) What do you think of the sentence in the fourth paragraph of page 5 of the case: â€Å"Esser rejected the offer on the grounds that it was inadequate† ? As stated before the shareholders should have taken this de cision. They own the company and if 50 % + X is in favour of Vodadone AirTouch’s bid, then the company should accept the bid. Let’s assume that you invested 50 000 â‚ ¬ in Mannesmann’s shares and now somebody is offering you 80 000 â‚ ¬ for the shares. Then you should decide if you accept this money, or if you think that your shares are much worthier in some months/years. In that case you vote against the hostile takeover. I think that this system makes the decision making also very rapid and efficient. In fact, if one would also ask the employees, some analysts and so on, then the decision making process would be much longer. As a result, I think that the shareholders should take the decision, after having listened to the different opinions of the CEO, employees, analysts,.. However, I think it inacceptable that Esser as the CEO of the company, who does not own many shares, rejects the offer in the name of all the investors. This cannot be tolerated. In fact, he is like an employee of Meeresmann, he does not own the company, and he should take the best decisions for his shareholders who in some way gave him this job as CEO. As a result, I think that he cannot take the decision to refuse a bid without having spoken with any shareholder of the company. This is not a personal decision, but a decision which influences all the stakeholders of the company. It is unacceptable that he takes the decision on behalf of all the share- and stakeholders. (4) If you had been a shareholder of Mannesmann on December 17, 1999, what would you have liked to say to Klaus Esser ? What would you have like to say to Chris Gent ? If you had had the opportunity to vote to accept or not Vodafone’s bid, how would you have voted (please ignore the subsequent events not described in the case) ? As a shareholder of Mannesmann, I would liked to ask him why he refused an offer of 266â‚ ¬ per share, which is a premium of 72. 2 % compared to Mannesmann’s closing price on October 18th. I would blame him for not having asked the shareholder what they thought about the offer. He took a decision about something which did not own him, but where I owned a fraction. Finally, I would ask him if he could guarantee me that the share price of Meeresmann would be as high as the Vodafone AirTouch’s offer in the future. Only if this is the case, the Esser would be partly excused. I mention only partly, because even if he thinks that the share price of Meeresmann will be higher in the near future, then he should have explained that to the shareholders. And then, if the majority of the shareholders would agree, then he could refuse the offer. As a shareholder of Mannesmann, I would ask him what would be the strategy of Vodafone AirTouch after the acquisition of Meeresmann. This is important to me, because I will have to make an important decision if the hostile takeover is agreed: either I keep the Vodafone shares or I sell all the shares the day of the take over. In that way, I would gild the premium. I would definitely have accepted the deal. During that time, it was quite sure that a consolidation of the telecommunication market would happen. As a result, I think that it would have been very difficult for Meeresmann, as one of the smaller companies, to survive in that market environment. Furthermore, the offered premium was so high, that I could not deny this offer. How to cite Vodafone AirTouch’s bid for Mannesmann, Papers

Minors Committing Violent Crimes and Being Tried as Adults free essay sample

The reason I selected this topic is because I feel that today’s generation of youth and children have been led mainly because of peer pressure which sometimes cause them to make bad choices. This usually causes minors to do some things that are wrong before they think about the consequences. They should be given consideration based on their age and all aspects of their background should be looked at before sentencing them for violent crimes. In reading an article published by CNN concerning the topic of children being tried as adults, I totally agree with the writer and agree that children should not be tried as adults in most cases because of their maturity and mind state. Usually, they have not come to a place where they can make a determination on what exactly they have done that might not have been completely right to do and they can distinguish severity of the punishment for such actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Minors Committing Violent Crimes and Being Tried as Adults or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead of the laws or courts wanting to put the children in the jail population, the state should come to an agreement and seek help or rehabilitation for this person who committed the crime. In a case 20 years ago, a 9 year old child shot a 7 year old little girl after pointing a rifle out of the window from his residence as she rode on a snowmobile and she was killed. This 9 year old was named Cameron Kocher who was a resident of upstate Pennsylvania. But, because of the lie that Cameron told, the trail judge kept the case in In the early part of the decade, researchers for the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Adolescent Development and Juvenile Justice found that teenagers are less blameworthy than adults, and that their capacities change significantly over the course of adolescence. (Schwartz, 2010). I feel that children up to 17 should be very capable and are inconsiderate of the duties and responsibilities that society has placed on them. It is in my opinion a phase of time when the teenagers are made aware of how serious life is and the part they play as time passes along with the decisions they make which can cause them their freedom based on choices. FAMILY RELATIONSHIP ROLES IN CHILDREN’S LIVES When children have an attachment to their parents, they often times turn out to be well adjusted adults. On the other hand, when children do not have a close relationship with their parents, they sometimes feel distrust and defensive which could lead to unacceptable behavior at home, at school and other social functions. This topic is geared toward an audience of youth and teenagers between the ages of 13 and 17 years old. This is a touchy topic and should be taught in their early years that doing something like pointing a loaded gun, has some very harsh consequences. Preliminary Thesis Statement: When convicting minors of violent crimes, it should be taken into consideration the measurement of the crime and the effects that it might have cause on others. The conviction should also look at the circumstances that cause this type of action to be taken at the minors point of view. Parents should not be held responsible for the actions of their children after age twelve because at this particular time in the child’s life they should have been taught right from wrong. If a child over the age of 12 decides that they are going to commit a crime or do something wrong based on the actions of their friends, then they have made that choice and should be well aware of the consequences. Parents are obligated to teach their children and morals and principles from birth to12 years of age. With today’s society and with children having more knowledge than past generations, it is common that they are more educated on the way society looks at them and how they are handling situations. There is a widespread belief that race is a major explanatory cause of crime. This belief is anchored in the large disparity in crime rates between whites and blacks. However, a closer look at the data shows that the real variable is not race but family structure and all that it implies in commitment and love between adults. The incidence of broken families is much higher in the black community. Douglas Smith and G. Roger Jarjoura, in a major 1988 study of 11,000 individuals, found that the percentage of single-parent households with children between the ages of 12 and 20 is significantly associated with rates of violent crime and burglary. The same study makes clear that the widespread popular assumption that there is an association between race and crime is false. Illegitimacy is the key factor. It is the absence of marriage, and the failure to form and maintain intact families, that explains the incidence of high crime in a neighborhood among whites as well as blacks. This contradicts conventional wisdom. It is stated and quoted: Todays children are bombarded with images of violence in cartoons, news reports, television shows, computer games, movies, and other media. In growing numbers, they are also exposed to real-life violence in their own homes and communitiesas witnesses, victims, and, increasingly, perpetrators. Too often, children learn that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflict. Yet even as the problem escalates, our society spends little effort finding viable solutions beyond incarceration-an after-the-problem approach.