Essay about Informative Speech How to Build a Resume

Informative Speech Many individuals have stressed out over job interviews and their resumes. I think that everyone has including me. It is very vital to have a quality resume if you want to get a good job after graduation. Stressing out over getting a good job and having a good resume is something that everyone in this room can relate to, I’m sure. If not then you probably have a great skill that many wish they had. Throughout my college career I have gone to numerous resume building workshops and have had numerous resumes myself to perfect it. I think that having a strong resume is very important and I think that everyone should have the chance to learn how to build a successful resume. What I’m going to teach you during my speech†¦show more content†¦According to the resume and cover letters section of Ohio State University’s website, you should include your contact information which would include your phone number, email address, your major, and your GPA if above a 3.0. You also need to list any of your goals that you want your future employer to know. You need to give your professional profile including your work history and any honors or interests you have. You should never include any information from high school in your resume. It is helpful if you update your resume when new experiences can be provided. You need to show who you are in the business world and make sure that your resume is clear, consistent, and constant. So now that you know what your resume is and what you need to put into it you need to know how to set it up. In setting up a resume there is no proper way of doing it. Just make sure that it is simple, to the point, and clear for the employer to understand. You cannot do your resume in one hour, so give yourself some time to review it and also have a rough copy to have other people review it. You can look at samples online as there are numerous templates available. I have printed you off a template to take home so that you may create your own resume. In the article by Erin Binns, Uncovering Resume and Skill Building Opportunities in Today’s Market, she says that you should only have a one page resume, two at the most. Never ramble in your resume, get right to the point. You need to makeShow MoreRelatedThe American Public Education System Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThink Outside The Box Tired of the same old routine? Too much pressure is being put on high school students; some students do not even know how to cope with it. The way that the American public education system has planned to make these individuals succeed is really not how it should be. Students are being taught information that will not be as useful once they become adults. Students should be able to receive the knowledge they need in order to succeed in life. 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A Focus on Interpretation and Communication Most chapters include a section titled â€Å"Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses.† These sections include advice on how to best communicate the results of a statistical analysis and also consider how to interpret statistical summaries ââ€"   Preface xv found in journals and other published sources. A subsection titled â€Å"A Word to the Wise† reminds readers of things that must be considered in order to ensure

The Impact Of International Business On The Domestic And...

The importance of international business is to withstand and build competitions for the creation of economic value both in the domestic and overseas markets . however, international business has a variation of models that can be identify the environmental analysis of some countries. internationalizatioon of companies can be achieved by using these models to finf the right location overseas by taking the institutional, cultural fit and success opportunities into concern. These models also give an in depth information on location that are chosen by the company. A well know framework is the Porter’s Diamond model which was created by Micheal Porter in 1990, this framework helps with the advantages and disadvantages to map out a company’s home and host locationdecision by anaysising two high street retailers of Walmart and ikea . Porter’s Diamond model states that nation’s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade, howeve r, this depends on its productivity level of the nation. From the point of views of the company a national competivitve advantage means that it willhave to depend on the nation to implement a home based to improve their existing products and services such as features, quality, technology and also being able to compete with other international industries. The advantage of this model is that it identifies the four factors that help in the development of the essential national environments where companies are born, grow andShow MoreRelatedMr. Muza1493 Words   |  6 PagesInternational marketing International marketing is marketing carried out by firms overseas or across national borderlines. 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Vodafone AirTouch’s bid for Mannesmann Free Essays

First of all, one has to mention that it is always difficult to evaluate a company. There is no single measure/calculation who can give you the valuation of a company. The value of a company can be different for every single human being. We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone AirTouch’s bid for Mannesmann or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, Vodafone Air Touch will try to calculate a very low valuation of the company because it wants to pay as less as possible, and Mannesmann a very high valuation, because it wants to get as much money as possible. As a result, it often depends on the interest of the different persons who evaluate a company. In October 1999, Mannesmann offered shares around 157. â‚ ¬. This was before the acquisition of Orange PLC, a competitor of Vodafone Air Touch in the UK market. After the acquisition, Vodafone offered 266â‚ ¬ per share, 68% more than the 157. 8â‚ ¬ per share Mannesmann offered few weeks before. Despite, this very high premium, Mannesmann’s CEO evaluated his company 350â‚ ¬ per share. Here in this case, I think that the main reason for this high price differences is that with time, Mannesmann’s bargaining position changed. In the beginning, their position was not as strong as in the end when they achieved to acquire Orange Plc, a telecommunication company in the U. K. which was growing faster than Vodafone. As a result, Mannesmann became a stronger competitor for Vodafone and Mannesmann’s CEO knew that. As a consequence, he increased the valuation of his company. The reason why for instance an analyst from Julius Baar valuated Mannesmann between 250â‚ ¬ and 350â‚ ¬ per share and many other analysts between 174â‚ ¬ and 250â‚ ¬ per share may have some reasons. The main reason is that, as anticipated before, it is very difficult to evaluate a company. Furthermore, it is even more difficult to evaluate how many synergies Vodafone Air Touch would benefit from this takeover. So it is very difficult to evaluate how much this Mannesmann takeover could be worth for Vodafone Air Touch. Moreover, one has to check which analysts own stocks of Mannesmann or Vodafone because this may also influence the different evaluations. (2) In your opinion, in general, when a company is the target of a hostile takeover bid, who should decide whether the terms and conditions of this bid are acceptable? The Chief Executive Officer (or the equivalent) of the target company? Or its Chairperson (if another person than the CEO)? Its board of directors? Its shareholders ? If the shareholders, how practically should they make their decision? In my opinion, only the shareholders should take this type of decision. They are the one who own the company, and they should decide if they accept the takeover bid or not. If 50 % + X agree with the bid price, then the takeover should take place. Of course, before taking the decision, they should listen to the opinion of the CEO, the Chairperson, some analysts, as well as the Board of Directors. However, in my opinion, none of these key persons should take part of the decision making process. In my opinion, the shareholders are the one who own the company, and they should decide what should happen with their investment. For instance, let us assume the employees would take part of decision making process. Then, in most of the cases, the employees would vote against a take over, because they fear about their jobs. They would never take a neutral decision, but a decision which is the best for them, not caring about the fact that the shareholders loose a high premium. They, as well as the trade unions, would vote against an takeover because they fear for the jobs. However, they never think about the fact, that if the company is not taken over, the company who made a mid remains a competitor. And this competitor could increase its market share in spite of the smaller company that did not accept the takeover. And in this case, the employees of the smaller company would even risk to loose more jobs. The CEO and the the Chairperson should never take this type of decisions. Because, they are only in charge of the operations of the company, but they do not own the company. As a result, they should not decide about the matter. 3) In the case of the Vodafone AirTouch bid for Mannesmann, who should have made the decision ? (Please take into account the fact that Mannesmann had two boards, the supervisory board, and the management board) What do you think of the sentence in the fourth paragraph of page 5 of the case: â€Å"Esser rejected the offer on the grounds that it was inadequate† ? As stated before the shareholders should have taken this de cision. They own the company and if 50 % + X is in favour of Vodadone AirTouch’s bid, then the company should accept the bid. Let’s assume that you invested 50 000 â‚ ¬ in Mannesmann’s shares and now somebody is offering you 80 000 â‚ ¬ for the shares. Then you should decide if you accept this money, or if you think that your shares are much worthier in some months/years. In that case you vote against the hostile takeover. I think that this system makes the decision making also very rapid and efficient. In fact, if one would also ask the employees, some analysts and so on, then the decision making process would be much longer. As a result, I think that the shareholders should take the decision, after having listened to the different opinions of the CEO, employees, analysts,.. However, I think it inacceptable that Esser as the CEO of the company, who does not own many shares, rejects the offer in the name of all the investors. This cannot be tolerated. In fact, he is like an employee of Meeresmann, he does not own the company, and he should take the best decisions for his shareholders who in some way gave him this job as CEO. As a result, I think that he cannot take the decision to refuse a bid without having spoken with any shareholder of the company. This is not a personal decision, but a decision which influences all the stakeholders of the company. It is unacceptable that he takes the decision on behalf of all the share- and stakeholders. (4) If you had been a shareholder of Mannesmann on December 17, 1999, what would you have liked to say to Klaus Esser ? What would you have like to say to Chris Gent ? If you had had the opportunity to vote to accept or not Vodafone’s bid, how would you have voted (please ignore the subsequent events not described in the case) ? As a shareholder of Mannesmann, I would liked to ask him why he refused an offer of 266â‚ ¬ per share, which is a premium of 72. 2 % compared to Mannesmann’s closing price on October 18th. I would blame him for not having asked the shareholder what they thought about the offer. He took a decision about something which did not own him, but where I owned a fraction. Finally, I would ask him if he could guarantee me that the share price of Meeresmann would be as high as the Vodafone AirTouch’s offer in the future. Only if this is the case, the Esser would be partly excused. I mention only partly, because even if he thinks that the share price of Meeresmann will be higher in the near future, then he should have explained that to the shareholders. And then, if the majority of the shareholders would agree, then he could refuse the offer. As a shareholder of Mannesmann, I would ask him what would be the strategy of Vodafone AirTouch after the acquisition of Meeresmann. This is important to me, because I will have to make an important decision if the hostile takeover is agreed: either I keep the Vodafone shares or I sell all the shares the day of the take over. In that way, I would gild the premium. I would definitely have accepted the deal. During that time, it was quite sure that a consolidation of the telecommunication market would happen. As a result, I think that it would have been very difficult for Meeresmann, as one of the smaller companies, to survive in that market environment. Furthermore, the offered premium was so high, that I could not deny this offer. How to cite Vodafone AirTouch’s bid for Mannesmann, Papers

Minors Committing Violent Crimes and Being Tried as Adults free essay sample

The reason I selected this topic is because I feel that today’s generation of youth and children have been led mainly because of peer pressure which sometimes cause them to make bad choices. This usually causes minors to do some things that are wrong before they think about the consequences. They should be given consideration based on their age and all aspects of their background should be looked at before sentencing them for violent crimes. In reading an article published by CNN concerning the topic of children being tried as adults, I totally agree with the writer and agree that children should not be tried as adults in most cases because of their maturity and mind state. Usually, they have not come to a place where they can make a determination on what exactly they have done that might not have been completely right to do and they can distinguish severity of the punishment for such actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Minors Committing Violent Crimes and Being Tried as Adults or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead of the laws or courts wanting to put the children in the jail population, the state should come to an agreement and seek help or rehabilitation for this person who committed the crime. In a case 20 years ago, a 9 year old child shot a 7 year old little girl after pointing a rifle out of the window from his residence as she rode on a snowmobile and she was killed. This 9 year old was named Cameron Kocher who was a resident of upstate Pennsylvania. But, because of the lie that Cameron told, the trail judge kept the case in In the early part of the decade, researchers for the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Adolescent Development and Juvenile Justice found that teenagers are less blameworthy than adults, and that their capacities change significantly over the course of adolescence. (Schwartz, 2010). I feel that children up to 17 should be very capable and are inconsiderate of the duties and responsibilities that society has placed on them. It is in my opinion a phase of time when the teenagers are made aware of how serious life is and the part they play as time passes along with the decisions they make which can cause them their freedom based on choices. FAMILY RELATIONSHIP ROLES IN CHILDREN’S LIVES When children have an attachment to their parents, they often times turn out to be well adjusted adults. On the other hand, when children do not have a close relationship with their parents, they sometimes feel distrust and defensive which could lead to unacceptable behavior at home, at school and other social functions. This topic is geared toward an audience of youth and teenagers between the ages of 13 and 17 years old. This is a touchy topic and should be taught in their early years that doing something like pointing a loaded gun, has some very harsh consequences. Preliminary Thesis Statement: When convicting minors of violent crimes, it should be taken into consideration the measurement of the crime and the effects that it might have cause on others. The conviction should also look at the circumstances that cause this type of action to be taken at the minors point of view. Parents should not be held responsible for the actions of their children after age twelve because at this particular time in the child’s life they should have been taught right from wrong. If a child over the age of 12 decides that they are going to commit a crime or do something wrong based on the actions of their friends, then they have made that choice and should be well aware of the consequences. Parents are obligated to teach their children and morals and principles from birth to12 years of age. With today’s society and with children having more knowledge than past generations, it is common that they are more educated on the way society looks at them and how they are handling situations. There is a widespread belief that race is a major explanatory cause of crime. This belief is anchored in the large disparity in crime rates between whites and blacks. However, a closer look at the data shows that the real variable is not race but family structure and all that it implies in commitment and love between adults. The incidence of broken families is much higher in the black community. Douglas Smith and G. Roger Jarjoura, in a major 1988 study of 11,000 individuals, found that the percentage of single-parent households with children between the ages of 12 and 20 is significantly associated with rates of violent crime and burglary. The same study makes clear that the widespread popular assumption that there is an association between race and crime is false. Illegitimacy is the key factor. It is the absence of marriage, and the failure to form and maintain intact families, that explains the incidence of high crime in a neighborhood among whites as well as blacks. This contradicts conventional wisdom. It is stated and quoted: Todays children are bombarded with images of violence in cartoons, news reports, television shows, computer games, movies, and other media. In growing numbers, they are also exposed to real-life violence in their own homes and communitiesas witnesses, victims, and, increasingly, perpetrators. Too often, children learn that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflict. Yet even as the problem escalates, our society spends little effort finding viable solutions beyond incarceration-an after-the-problem approach.

Corporate Identity Essay Example

Corporate Identity Essay The symbolic elements were widely used in the past especially in the middle ages. Designing, displaying, describing, and recording coats of arms and badges were and still are the elements found in todays business. Corporate identity blossomed just after the world war two in the 1950’s which took place in America by the Modernist movement . The consumer and modernist culture has led to a transformation due to the changes, the social life was going through. The war caused destruction but also brought with it technological advances that were used to make productivity, as people were consuming goods. Since the market and business was rising again, the corporations that were re-establishing needed something new something modern. Visual imagery is very important for a company, this distinguishes the difference between one corporation to an other and also attracts the clients to gain good quality and reliability in the products. In fact logos now a days are the visual identifiers of corporations. They became corporate identities by communicating brands and unifying messages. The use of symbols went from a king to seal a letter, to how businesses establish their credibility and sell everything from financial services to hamburgers. Visual imagery and identification has always been important in the historical days. In the medieval times, marks were used to identify the properties. This was compulsory as all the businesses during that period needed a trademark of a stamp with a logo to identify and control the trading, since during that era people had a lack of education. Communicating with signs and drawing made a revolution later in life, the concept of visual trademarking one’s business spread heavily during the Industrial Revolution from the 18th century till the 19th. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Identity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Identity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Identity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Businesses that boomed during that time needed logos to become a mainstream identification to the public. Although the specific terms corporate image and brand identity didn’t enter business and design vocabulary until the 1940s, in the two decades they became key elements to business success. Designing logos and trademarks needs a huge amount of brain storming to meet the desired acquirements. The profession of graphic designers had begun since the international typographic style, the Modernist style and also the Swiss style. More over three famous icons that actually were the success of corporate identity are Peter Behrens, Paul Rand and Saul Bass. One cannot define these persons as artists but as the godfathers of what we define today the modern era. The Pioneers Peter Behrens Peter Behrens was born in Hamburg Germany in 1868. He was very into applied arts and had done different projects for clients such as constructing typefaces and magazine covers. Peter Behrens in 1907 was contacted by Allgemeine Elektricitats-Gessellschaft (General Electricity Company) to consult their company’s image. This is where the revolution had started. Peter Behrens had a very specific style that was the art nouveau movement. This movement basically comprised the esthetics of art and design especially in graphic design. Behrens offered the AEG a model and the relationship between art and industry or else the visual importance for a modern economy. â€Å"Embracing the ideals of the ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT he sought a visual language to express the modern age of mass production. † ( From The Thames Hudson dictionary of graphic design and designers, page 29) Actually Peter Behrens was the first man to invent logos to represent an identity for corporations. In his AEG logos we see a massive change, from the circular motives to a consistent use of geometrical shapes. The typography also had evolved from script to serif. Discussing the visuals Behrens made in the 1907, they had a mixture of art and nouveau technique with geometrical motifs. Paul Rand As described in many different articles, clients and critics, Paul Rand is a remarkable man. A man that in his early twenties has been known for his innovation and originality in design. However it was the passion for corporate identity, that gave him a boost for a world wide fame. In the research that was made, Rand was the first man to set standards for the design of corporate logos. Rand also had a particular style this was creating and combining elements to produce a unique and modern visual image or identity. Apart from that he explored different sections of movement such as Cubism, Constructivism and De Stijl. Rand started his corporate career from typography. He had an acute knowledge of image/illustration and typography/ typeface, which linked so well with each other in his works. This unique style was to unit the letters and shortening long words. All of his works were intelligently used, but simplicity and the Bauhaus approach gave the holistic element for his designs. Rand worked for todays established companies such as IBM, APPLE, EF, AIGA, ABC, YALE and many other clients. The first IBM marking (not logo) was designed in 1886. The symbol was made from typography and kept the same identity even when Paul Rand made part from the IBM team. The Business International Machines is the logo that Paul Rand is famous for. In the 1956 Rand had been selected to design the IBM logo by the man who was being world wide known, Thomas J. Watson. Paul’s hypothesis of expanded typography within a suppressed format gave â€Å"birth to a new corporate identity† ( from website http://www. logoblog. org/wordpress/paul-rand/ ). The first revolutionary design of IBM was very simple and plain. It was made from bold and Slab serif typography. Rand redesigned the IBM logo for an other three times, in 1956,1972 and also in 1981. These logos kept the sequence (meaning the same type) but altered the color scheme. In 1956 the difference was from white and black piping at its edges to a more simpler bold black. Coming to the 1972, Paul added movement to the logo. He also played with white space to create a very interesting logo. What struck most the people and which Paul Rand is remembered for is the Rebus style logo, which he invented in 1981. Rebus is a graphic design technique to use pictures or symbols instead of words or in this case letters. Rand replace the letter ‘I‘ to a symbol of an eye, the letter ‘B‘ to the symbol of a bee and the letter ‘M‘ remained the same as the ‘M‘ in the logo of 1972. Saul Bass This man was great in presentation and communication. In the 1950’s Saul Bass moved to California to open his own studio which focused on advertising ilms, trailers, posters and logos. Bass was a master of film title design but a genius in designing logos. During his career, one could identify that he was a busy man especially in developing and renewing some ideas in corporate design. Three most famous logos and corporate identities from Saul Bass portfolio are ATT, Minolta and Un ited Airlines. The master worked with various companies, those who were well know and those who are not so much well know. Starting from Ajinomoto a company that sells instant food goods to designing the corporate identity of the United Airlines. The American Telephone and Telegraph logo was designed in 1984, this basically has a sphere shaped logo with lines passing through it. The color scheme used is blue and white. This logo reminds me the Paul Rand IBM logo. Adding to this Saul used the same concept but a different interpretation from the Minolta logo that was designed in the 1978. Agin this logo had an ellipse shape with four white lines passing through the middle. On the other hand the logo of united airlines had quite changed perspective. The logo was made form lines with different colors, to form the letter ‘U’ for United. The colors used are blue and red which had been positioned to create a negative space with the white background. The type used for United Airlines was Sans Serif, quite a different type from what the people were in generally used to see. Apart from that from designing the logo, Bass designed their stationary all based from the same concept. Unfortunately today, United Airlines company was joint with Continental Airlines. Saul Bass corporate identity was discharged by the take over of a new logo which in my opinion is not at all up to the high standard as Saul Bass’s identity. The new airline identity impress no sense of movement or travel and though it has safe choice in colors and type, I would definitely find it difficult to trust them to fly me to any destination. â€Å"This is now† The Social media today Corporate Identity today is an asset for a company’s business. It is important, as it has to communicate with consumers eye. The sales person also plays an important part in a marketing company. Although they are little to the companies finances (when coming to wage), the sales persons are like the little pawns into a chess games. They always have to present a company’s image into a good way and portray or manipulate the client intelligently. One can divide corporate identity into two categories. The first one being marketing and the second, branding. These two words are the most words used in our contemporary business and society. But what is the definition for marketing? Marketing is the achievement of corporate goals through meeting and exceeding customer needs better than the competition, although competition is an important section of marketing. Marketing people are unconcerned to design tactics. Although on the other hand, design people are often negative at marketing proposals. But in everyday case marketing controls design, because it is all about planning and design is about feeling the clients needs. I have confirmed this statement from my previous work. There I have learnt that although I tried to convince the clients not to fall for marketing tactics, are still they ready to pay and don’t care about other consequences. Marketeers have the famous ability to act the part of the most sensible people on earth, for example fizzy drinks are sold as energy drinks, or eating cereal only to achieve the perfect figure. What about the other consequences, fizzy drinks have a huge amount of sugar, were as cereals have a big amount of salt. Can you consider this a right thing? For the rest of us we have to distinguish what is right or wrong. During the 1990’s the term ‘ Branding‘ was being introduced into the design or designers communities. But what the word ‘branding‘ have to do with design?. From a graphic designer perspective, I would say nothing. Instead for business men it means design. ‘You can have a lousy business or product but if you ‘brand‘ it properly you will get away with it‘ ( from the book Graphic Design, A user’s Manual page 43). Brand Identity is linked to design which is creating an other contemporary movement of which it’s name is still unknown or still to be found. A brand is a product or class of products which includes it’s trademark, logo, reputation and the people creating this structure. When one talks about a brand, one is talking about verbal, visual and conceptual aspects of the products identity. A product is sometimes identified by it’s trademark, packaging or advertising. Today everyone talks about brands. Clients love brands, especially the well known brands. Brands give a certain self confidence in a person, the products tend to be more expensive, but this gives the certificate that what you have purchase is of a good quality. To have the best brand, one needs to have certain guidelines to operate well within corporate identity. These guidelines are the standard guidelines that Paul Rand invented. The language of form consists from order, variety, contrast, symmetry, tension, balance, scale, texture, space, light, shape, shade and color. Without these rules the corporate identity of the brand would not be a successful one. Corporate identity has developed rapidly during the past 20 years in fact, a business has developed two types of identity structures, these are called, organizational identity and branded identity. Organizational- monistic identity works as a principle meaning only one organization identity. Such as Nivea. An unknown german company with a weak identity. Branded identity is an approved identity that implies a company that has its own organization and own products. For example Volkswagen which identifies it’s own cars. â€Å"The Identity† Corporate Identity comprises of Logo Design( image and brand), Trademark, Stationary and Advertisement. Logo and trademark design plays and important part in graphic design especially when creating a corporate identity. Although ‘logo’ is a vast concept in graphic design still it is one of the most difficult ares to perfect. A logo, is the image that presents an organization. The image that provides the customer needs. A good designed logos are the ones that are most recognized by the costumers and it is frequently redesigned to show to progress of the company. Here are some examples of famous brands as a trademark and their logos : Opel Opel had it’s fist logo done in 1899, with a art nouveau approach. Was updated in 1910. Here one can see that the typography has changed and became more aggressive, with the production of motorbikes. In 1920’s the ‘eye‘ was encircled. Late on in the mid 1920’s, the lightning flash was being introduced in the designs. In 1985, versions of simpler logo designs. Mark Adams, GM Europes head of design, who led the team that re-designed the logo. Stationary also is important and essential for a business. Stationary, means business cards, letterheads, envelopes and cds and their cases. Here is an example of stationary with a difference. This is a company called the 13th street, which is a German horror network. Creative Directors: Jacques Pense, Michael Ohanian Art Directors: Matthias Kracker, Stefan R? singer Copywriters: Lennart Frank Graphic Artist: Karla Kurz Advertising helps as well when forming a corporate identity. It helps by promoting the company and products. Advertising can be, on different types of media especially on papers such as leaflets, brochures, bilbords, magazines and much more or else it could be interactive, such as websites, guerilla advertising, radio and TV stations. Such examples are Diesel Be stupid advertising campaign.

The Concept Of Evidence Based Practice Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Concept Of Evidence Based Practice Social Work Essay Essay Example The Concept Of Evidence Based Practice Social Work Essay Paper The Concept Of Evidence Based Practice Social Work Essay Paper Introduction This essay aims to place and critically appraise grounds of whether social intercession better result for depression in British Pakistani adult females. I will analyze whether social intercession can take to better mental well-being, authorization and single growing. I will analyze the value accent of curative societal support in mental wellness. The context of societal work pattern in mental wellness is complex, hence societal work intercession has to hold an ethical and value based model. I will measure the theoretical footing for standardise pattern. The statutory alterations in Britain to see the fundamental values place incorporated in recent policies and statute law will be examined. Specify the construct of grounds based pattern Evidence based pattern ( EBP ) harmonizing to Sackett ( 1997 ) citied in Gray et Al ( 2009: 119 ) connotes a procedure of bettering professional opinion through the painstaking and wise integrating and synthesis of well-researched empirical grounds to measure the efficaciousness and effectivity of intercession in heightening service users results and how this can be integrated into pattern context to better service bringing and professional answerability ( Department of Health Service and Public Safety, 2012 ) ( Gray, Plath, A ; Webb, 2009 ) ( Sheppard, 2004 ) ( Corby, 2006 ) . It gives a model for analyzing the state of affairs and bring forthing a figure of possible options ( Thompson N. , 2000, p. 35 ) . ( Mathews A ; Crawford, 2011 ) suggested that practicians must believe critically and reflect on research grounds for credibleness, completeness and transferability to inform professional opinion as this an deduction for policy shapers, professionals, communities and servic e users. The drift for EBP within societal work is underpinned on the centrality on service users best involvement to steer pattern that is culturally sensitive and of significance to service users within the dynamic context of pattern, statute law and societal policy ( Bolton, 2002 ) . EBP hence necessitates societal workers reflexiveness of how values, theoretical premises , policies, past experiences and the context in which pattern takes topographic point combine with service users perspective, penchants, and civilization to steer and inform pattern ( Munro, 2002:10 ) . This is to account for the many-sided personal, cultural and societal dimensions of service users ( Webber A ; Nathan, 2010 ) Select an facet of societal work What involvement me in this subject is the spread which exist in supplying culturally sensitive support to black and cultural minority group with depression. The grounds available suggest that single with mental wellness hurt including depression are the most marginalised and excluded groups in society ( Stepney A ; Ford, 2001 ) . Additionally, the prevalence of depression in black and minority ethnic ( BME ) and in peculiar adult females from Pakistani background in Britain, underlines the importance of back uping statutory and voluntary enterprises directed towards run intoing their demands ( Husain, Creed, A ; Tomenson, 1997 ) ( Gater, et al. , 2009 ) . ( Miranda, et al. , 2003 ) noted the spread in grounds based for social intercession . Pulling on their pattern experiences and appropriate grounds Within the context of community voluntary mental wellness services, their diverse types of grounds that informs pattern and policy and societal workers have an ethical duty in the pick of theories and theoretical account of working. In my pattern, a systems attack is emphasised in understanding the interplay and multiplicity of service users context. Psychodynamic attack is concerned with how perceptual experiences of demands, stigma and stereotyped premises motivate human behavior including aid seeking, revelation of sensitive information. Past experiences are seen as cardinal in the jobs single experience and used in understanding the kineticss of the assisting relationship. Social larning theory suggests behaviors are influenced by service users socio-cultural context. For illustration aid seeking behavior is influenced and reinforced by stigma and service bringing Therefore cognitive- behavioral therapy is emphasised by understanding the function perceptual experiences in aid seeking. Therefore through interaction, patterning service users perceptual experience is influenced. Conflict theory is priceless in understanding cultural struggles, stigma and subjugation, power instability. As noted in Saleeby ( 1996 ) the strength position is intrinsic to societal work values of service users engagement, and esteeming single as holding strengths The feminist position takes into history the function of gender and the historical deficiency of power experienced by adult females. Collaborative relationship is emphasised between the societal worker and service user through equality and authorization. Through empirical observation utilizing randomised controlled test, Gater, et Al ( 2010 ) investigated the effectual of Social intercession for British Pakistani adult females with depression. It sought to explicate the cause and consequence , to foretell and command world, and to make unambiguous nonsubjective truth that can be proven or disproved to inform the effectivity of intercession and policies execution. Qualitative informations used to understand persons societal world within their socio- cultural context which inquiries cultural premises, favoritism and subjugation and the deduction and significance in execution. This can be used to gestate service users position sing intercession and constabularies deductions, their demands and perceptual experiences about current constabularies and intercessions. The job work outing theoretical account focal points on understanding service users in their context and working in partnership. In a cross sectional survey, prevalence of depression amongst adult females of Pakistani beginning was twice every bit high comparison to white European adult females ( Gater, et al. , 2009 ) . ( Campbell A ; McLean, 2002 ) suggested that societal capital resources is embedded in within societal webs and better recovery. An alternate explanatory model for the prevalence of depression in Pakistani adult females in mental wellness statistics has been the societal constructive position. This position encompasses aid seeking behavior. There are some evidenced based intercessions that have been proven to assist people recovery from depression. The randomised control test survey by ( Harris, Brown, A ; Robinson, Befriending as an intercession for chronic depression among adult females in an interior metropolis: Randomised control trail, 1999 ) found that befriending strategies are good in bettering recovery. This is to counter the unfavorable judgments of institutional racism and cultural premises in the bringing of mental wellness services to black and cultural minority groups ( Gould, 2010 ) . Phillip Rack ( 1982 ) cited in ( Gould, 2010 ) : 40 proposed a Culturally attuned attack that used penetration This intercession is cardinal to societal work values of respecting and valuing uniqueness and diverseness and recognising and edifice strengths. Social intercession involves facets of partnership and include and accent on the impact of environmental force per unit areas on persons and therefore can be priceless in anti-discriminatory work with service users in offering authorization and covering with structural subjugation ( Ahmad B. , 1990, p. 51 ) . He besides noted the importance of importance of qualitative research in researching these issues ( Ahmad W. , 1995 ) . This societal intercession included specific mark groups. It uses an attack that included instruction and/or direct contact with people who are depressed. Social intercession provides societal workers with a structural grasp of the nature of societal jobs ( Gould, 2010, p. 60 ) ( Harris, 2010 ) societal support and depression Reconnection of hope through curative brush Psychosocial and cognitive therapies have now been included in clinical pattern guidelines. However, there remain considerable jobs with black and cultural minority accessing these services. Research has shown a consistent relationship between mental unwellness and indexs of societal disadvantages ( Fryers, Melzer, A ; Jenkins, 2003 ) . Therefore, development of schemes to back up aid seeking and intervention is needed. ( Mathews A ; Crawford, 2011 ) ( Orme A ; Shemmings, 2010 ) ( Smith, 2004 ) ( Gask, Aseem, Waquas, A ; Waheed, 2011 ) qualitative thematic analysis ( societal isolation ) household struggle, societal cultural factors, psychosocial factors Identify what can be learned from the grounds In Gater, et Al ( 2010 ) Social intercession for British Pakistani adult females with depression: randomised controlled test, Participants societal operation and depression were signii ¬?cantly improved. Given the prevalence of depression ( Gater, et al. , 2009 ) in this group and the under-representation amongst people able to entree supportive services, this presents an of import development. In relation to bettering participants battle qualitative surveies have found the enfeebling consequence of stigma as a signii ¬?cant barrier for accessing support ( Livingston A ; Boyd, 2010 ) ( Mak, Poon, Pun, A ; Cheung, 2007 ) . Stigma is understood as the interplay of persons societal individuality and socio-cultural kineticss in which persons with mental wellness are discriminated against and socially excluded due to stereotyped premise ( Lam, 2008 ) . This i ¬?nding is consistent with the grounds sing societal support intercessions in ( Harris, A stress-vunerability theoretical account of mental wellness upset: deductions for pattern, 2010 ) . However, there is a spread of how stigma associated with mental unwellness can be reduced. The survey was of high research quality, which indicates a decreased hazard of biasness and confounding. A major restriction of this survey is heterogeneity amongst the sample, that merely 123 participants and increase in societal operation is limited to merely 3 months. Therefore, the medium to long-run effects of societal intercession within this group remain mostly unknown. Another research spread is the absence of a dynamic medicine attachment related surveies aimed at this group, which have been identii ¬?ed as of import for accomplishing attachment and better result for depression ( Miranda, et al. , 2003 ) . Addressing the opposition from household members around issue of confidentiality and stigma amongst this population may be best accomplished through culturally appropriate communicating schemes that installations warm and empathy and societal capital. In contrast, the research suggests that societal intercession although it improves depression in the short tally will non accomplish meaningful betterments in the long tally without antidepressant. ( Department of Health, 2007 ) emphasises partnership working, regard for diverseness, strengths and aspirations and service users centred. Its focal point on effectivity, answerability and personal development are congruent with the rules of grounds based pattern. ( Slade, 2009 ) noted that personal recovery is a challenging and contested construct within the sphere of empirical grounds. The multi facet degree of mental unwellness is apparent in the definition of mental wellness, the impact of intervention and the societal effects. However, ( Resnick, Fontana, Lehman, A ; RA, 2005 ) highlighted that authorization, hope and optimism, cognition and life satisfaction result that are cardinal to the recovery theoretical account allows the prevalence of recovery to be investigated through empirical observation. ( Gould, 2010 ) As stated in ( Gater, et al. , 2009 ) , an epidemiology of depression that accounts for societal support and societal troubles is critical. Social context of depression However, depression is associated with of import negative effects, such as societal exclusion, low self-pride. Social exclusion harmonizing to ( Hills, LeGrand, A ; Piachaud, 2004 ) should be conceptualise in the context of the personal, cultural and structural dimension and highlighted deficiency of societal interaction as a signifier of societal exclusion. Attuned to cultural beliefs and norms Social and inclusive pattern have been developed and reinforced by the Capabilities for Inclusive Practice ( Department of Health, 2007 ) study: working in partnership, esteeming diverseness. Assessment requires service users engagement and entree to information to do informed pick. This theoretical account of appraisal has to be cultural sensitive and proactive in nature. Psychosocial appraisal Although societal support is often referred to as good in relation to depression, there has been small effort to stipulate what this means and to measure the effectivity of intercessions to cut down isolation. ( Tew, 2004 ) Partnership working is important in following a societal theoretical account of intercession. Culturally sensitive pattern. ( Gater, Waheed, Husain, Tomenson, Aseem, A ; Creed, 2010 ) ( Webber W. , 2011 ) Research indicates that ( Oakley, Strange, Toroyan, Wiggins, Roberts, A ; Stephenson, 2003 ) Mental wellness is pattern within a context of multi-disciplinary coaction to incorporate the bio-psychosocial theoretical account of pattern. The execution of EBP within this context has to account for the theoretical premises that underpin this country of pattern. This involves preparation and supervising. Research by ( Huxley, et al. , 2005 ) indicated emphasis of workers as accounting for their deficiency of implementing EBP. noted that another ground for EBP non been implemented is due to stereotyped premises that black and cultural minorities prefer informal support than support from professional. One barrier to effectual appraisal and intercession for depression epidemiology Another barrier is the reluctance of cultural minority group to portion their emotional symptoms due to household force per unit area and perceive stigma. To get the better of these barriers, -social intercession that accounts for societal capital is important. EBP therefore requires pattern that is needs non resources leads if services are to be provided that are of sound professional opinion. Percepts about depression and stigma have been through empirical observation supported in experimental, cross-sectional and longitudinal surveies to decline depression and affect interpersonal result and societal support ( Thomsen, 2006 ) . Analysis and brooding procedure of informations aggregation, the transparences about the relational nature of the research, and the ways which service users perspective are constructed through a respectful partnership and reflexiveness of how our values, theoretical premises, policies, past experiences and the context in which pattern takes topographic point. Trust and openness in research relationship a mutual procedure right- based analytical attack ( Department of Health, 2008 ) ethical and critical engage that with respectful uncertainnesss that reflect on the procedure of battle and analysis Common and sincere coaction, over clip respectful uncertainnesss Using multiple informations beginnings to account for publication biasness and multiple positions and ways of cognizing Recognition of complexnesss of worlds Use of reflexiveness focal point on contexts of and relationships between research worker and researched as determining the creative activity of cognition. Ethical consideration in cognition ( Gask, Aseem, Waquas, A ; Waheed, 2011 ) understanding how symptoms are expressed and perceive. Understanding emotional expressiveness within cultural context. Decision In decision, societal intercession has highlighted schemes that have demonstrated some success for bettering aid seeking. Given the complexnesss and multi facet dimension of single experiences and the context in which needs occurs, it is imperative that the singularity of person is taken into history within the paradigm of culturally competent pattern ( Dalrymple and Burke, 2006 ) . In add-on, Social Work pattern draws on theoretical cognition from societal scientific disciplines, which are normally Eurocentric, it is indispensable, that Social Work pattern integrate cognition from best grounds for it to run into it ethical duty to counter oppressive and prejudiced pattern ( Thompson N. , 2003 ) ( Webber W. , 2011 ) . ( Thompson N. 2003 )

English Language Content Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English Language Content Standards - Essay Example They will also address how to give a full curriculum, and has focus of areas of students that may need extra help to reach the standards. These standards are part of an essential discipline because it has become essential to communicate fluently in English. Language tools are needed to be able to openly communicate with other people, as well as to express you won ideas and though processes. The standards will help students learn the tempo and structure of language in their early years, until they are able to master vocabulary, expression, and the ability to gather evidence to support an idea. Studies show that children who fall behind in reading have a small chance of catching up, so it is crucial to help engrain these ideas and skills as early as possible inside of the education system. Also, though literature students are able to learn just as much about history as they would about the time period of the writing, and this benefits them in both ways. Students should be able to read a vast source of materials that benefit not only their English training, but also their history, math, social science, science, and gover nment classes as well. Students must able read a vast range of texts in order to help them gain the understanding of them, and to also try out best to instill into them a love for reading, so that they may one day gain pleasure in this simple

Analyse and design a small database application based on the given Coursework

Analyse and design a small database application based on the given case study - Coursework Example Mechanics-I also interviewed mechanics for one of the branches for Mercedes Company and obtained the following information, there is a chief mechanic whose work is to issue jobs at the garage; he can issue a service job to one or many mechanics at the garage depending on the magnitude of the job. There sometimes when some Mechanics are off duty thus they are not issued any job. A mechanic records parts to be bought and the actual cost of labor and notifies the customer care department so that the department can contact the relevant customer. Customer care – after a service has been done, the customer care depart contacts the owner and sends him/her and invoice as per the service done. Brainstorming I would hold a meeting which would have the representation of all the parties, stakeholders and departments involved. The meeting would have a director from the Mercedes Company, a few customers from different branches of the Mercedes Company, a few mechanics, chief engineers and cu stomer care employees from different branches of the Mercedes Company. We would brain storm on how we want the system work in order to fully satisfy the needs of the involved people. Secondly I may issue questionnaire to the people in the meeting so that they fill so as I get to know how each person who works in the service wants his/her work simplified. After interviewing the involved parties and brainstorming I should research for on similar garage databases and obtain the requirements that are behold the user’s perception. Question 2 Find the diagram attached in another file. Question 3 Customer table Table name Attribute Data type Length Domain Primary key Foreign key Null customer CusNo int 10 yes no customer FirstNames varchar 50 no customer LastName varchar 50 no customer Location varchar 100 no customer Mobile varchar 100 no customer Email varchar 100 yes customer passportNo varchar 50 yes Customer S.CenterNo int 10 yes Car table Tablename Attribute Datatype Length Do main Primary key Foreign key Null Car RegNo varchar 50 yes no Car carname varchar 100 no Car model varchar 100 no Car Make varchar 100 no Car Datepurchased date no Car showroomNo int 10 yes no Car cusNo int 10 yes no Showroom table Tablename Attribute Datatype Length Domain Primary key Foreign key Null Showroom roomNo int 10 yes No showroom roomName varchar 50 No showroom location varchar 100 No showroom telephoneAddress varchar 100 No Company details Tablename Attribute Data type Length Domain Primary key Foreign key Null company companyNo int 10 yes No company name varchar 50 No company logo image 16 No company location varchar 100 No company webSite varchar 100 Yes company EmailAddress varchar 100 Yes company imageFile varchar 250 No Garage details Tablename Attribute Data type Length Domain Primary key Foreign key Null Garage GarageNo int 10 yes No Garage name varchar 50 No Garage logo image 16 No Garage location varchar 100 No Garage telephoneAdd varchar 100 No Garage EmailAddr ess varchar 100 Yes Garage RoomNo int 10 yes Service details Tablename Attribute Data type Length Domain Primary key Foreign key Null service ServiceNo int 10 yes No service DateofService date 50 No service TypeOfService varchar 200 No service PartsReplaced varchar 100 yes service Labourcost varchar 100 No service partsCost varchar 100 yes s

OOO Et Al V. Commissioner of Metropolitan Police 2011 Essay

OOO Et Al V. Commissioner of Metropolitan Police 2011 - Essay Example The verdict was that the officers acting as agents of the defendant, had neglected the aspects of investigating on the issue of contention. The issue of contention involved the claims of human trafficking as well as the duties and the powers of the police. The issue involved the claim that the claimants had been exposed to degrading, inhuman treatment, besides being held under servitude and forced compliance. Following the suit, each of the claimants was awarded a cash retribution of 5,000 as non-pecuniary compensation (Benitez et al. 2010). Discussion The case in question was the first of its kind, to be heard in England and the South Whales, especially due to its scope. The case was questioning the scope of the duties and obligations of police officers, with regard to investigating reported instances of the violations of article 3 and 4 of the ECHR. The case involved the abuse faced by four Nigerian women, previously trafficked into the U.K, while still below the age of eighteen â €“ to be used for domestic servitude. The four women had brought a claim against the commissioner of police in charge of the Metropolis, demanding compensation – for the failure of carrying out investigations into the intelligence of the cases presented to the police years back, regarding the illegal trafficking and forced servitude at North London. The Metropolitan Police Unit consented of having received the reports of the breach of the human rights of the four women, as per the provisions of article 3 and 4 of the ECHR. However, the Metropolitan Police disputed the fact that the officers had breached the rights of the claimants, as a result of their failure to investigate the authenticity of the claims of the four women. However, there was no question regarding whether the duty to investigate was demanded under articles 3 and 4 of the ECHR, but, whether the failure to investigate constituted the breach of the duty (Williams & U.N. General Assembly 1981). In deciding th e breach to act on the cases of the women, Mr. Williams evaluated in details – the evidence provided and the background information offered by the four women and other present witnesses. These witnesses included the police unit, and all the police officers engaged in the reporting of the matter or involved in evaluating the cases of the four women at some point in time. One of the claimants had also challenged the Metropolitan Police Service to offer her retribution damages amounting to ?25,000, to which they consented. The MPS also expressed regret to her, over their failure to offer the basic standards in examining the circumstances surrounding her plight, which she had reported at the Southgate police station in 2004. Mr. William also considered the conditions surrounding the cases of the three other Nigerian women – who were not party to the ?25,000 case – claiming that they had undergone similar human rights abuse, and had reported the issues to the police. The police had done nothing about their cases (Ovey &White 2006). In the same case, in November 2008 – the four claimants had ordered their solicitor to address the MPS, requiring them to carry out criminal investigations into the case, against the people involved in the abuse of the claimants. In December 2008, the MPS consented to the responsibility of undertaking the investigation into the issues surrounding the human rights abuse of the four. According to the case, it was confirmed that

Radioisotopes: Properties and Uses

Radioisotopes: Properties and Uses Introduction to radioisotopes All matter is made up from elements as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The smallest part of each element which is identical to one another is called an atom. Atoms can be further divided into three substructures which is proton, electron and neutron. The atoms of different elements differ in these three substructures. The number of protons in each atom of a particular element is called the atomic number or the proton number, Z. The nuclei of an atom contain neutrons as well as protons. The mass of an atom is almost entirely due to the protons and neutrons. Thus the mass number, A is the total number of protons plus neutrons which is also known as nucleon number. Isotopes refer to the same element having different mass number. The different in mass number will have the isotopes to share the similar chemical properties but differ in physical properties. For instance, chlorine occur naturally as 35Cl and 37Cl. Figure 1: Atomic notation Isotopes occur naturally and artificially. They can either be in stable or unstable condition. Most of the isotopes which occur in nature are stable. The forces within their nuclei are sufficient to keep the protons and neutrons in the same arrangement indefinitely. However, a few naturally occurring isotopes and almost all man made ones are unstable. Unstable nuclei can change in to a more stable arrangements by releasing energy and different types of particles. The energy and particles emitted is called radioactive decay. The particular isotopes of elements with nuclei that can undergo radioactive decay are called radioisotopes. The amount of energy and the types of particles released are measure by using Geiger counter and photographic film. Radioisotopes cover a very wide range of usage including in energy generation, industries, food processing, medical field and agriculture. Table 1: Examples of natural occurring and man-made radioisotopes Types of radioisotopes Element Isotope Natural occuring Chlorine Chlorine-35, Chlorine-37 Man-made Promethium promethium-146 Application of radioisotope technology in Malaysia 2.1 Gamma Radiography One of the application of radioisotopes in Malaysia is in the Gamma radiography technology. Gamma Radiography behave in much the same way as x-rays screen baggage at airports. But in contrast to the bulky machine needed to produce x-rays, all that is needed to radiate gamma rays is a small pellet of radioactive material in a sealed capsule made of titanium. The capsule is placed on one side of the object to be screened while a photographic film is placed on the other side. Just like x-rays, gamma rays pass through the object and projects an image to the film. Similar to x-rays that show a break in a bone, gamma rays show flaws or empty spaces in metal castings or welded joints. The technique makes inspection for internal defects without damage involving critical components possible. The sources for Gamma rays are usually more portable than x-ray equipment so they possess a clear advantage in certain applications such as in remote areas. In contrast to x-ray sources that emit a broad band of radiation, gamma sources emit at most a few discrete wavelengths. Gamma sources may also have much higher energy than all but cost cheaper than x-ray equipment thus providing an advantage for such radiography. Gamma radiography is also used in an oil or gas pipeline where special film is taped over the weld around the outside of the pipe. An equipment called pipe crawler has a shielded radioactive source down from the inside of the pipe to the position of the weld. Along the pipe line, the radioactive source is exposed producing a radiographic image of the on the film. The film is later developed to images and further examined for signs of potential flaws in the weld. X-ray equipment can only be used when electric power is available and the object to be x-rayed is small and mobile enough to be taken to the x-ray source and radiographed. Radioisotopes have bigger advantage in that sense because they can be taken to the site to examine an object and no external power is needed. The only drawback is that they cannot be simply turned off thus the equipment must be properly shielded during application. Different types of isotopes are used for different situation. Examples of radioisotopes used in gamma radiography are ytterbium-169 to test material up to 15 mm thick and light alloys to 45 mm and iridium-192 to test material 12 to 60 mm thick and light alloys up to 190 mm. 2.2 Gauging The radiation that originated from radioisotopes will have its intensity reduced by the material between the radioactive source the detector. Detectors are designed to measure the magnitude of the reduction. As the result, the same principle is able to be used to gauge the presence or the absence and even to measure the quantity and density of objects between the source and a detector. One of the advantage in using radioisotopes in gauging or measurement is the zero contact with the material being gauged. A huge list of processing industries is making use of fixed gauges to control the flow of materials in production line utilizing radioisotopes technology. The height of the coal in a container that is used to carry coal is able to be determined by using high energy gamma sources at different heights along one side with detectors directed across the load thus registering the breaking of the beam causing the coal in the container to level. This type of gauge is one of the most common industrial applications of radioisotopes. Equipment used in plastic film manufacturing utilize radioisotope gauging using beta particles to measure and control the thickness of the plastic film produced. The film is rolled at high speed between the radioactive source and its detector to control the plastic film thickness. Beta gauges are used to control the paper thickness at speeds of up to 400 ms-1 in paper manufacture lines. While the intensity of radiation radiated from a radioisotope is reduced by material in the radiation beam some extra radiation is reflected back to the source of radiation. The amount of reflected radiation depends to the amount of material in the radiation beam thus can be used to measure characteristics of the material. This application of radioisotopes is used in measuring various types of coating thicknesses. Americium-241 is among the common use of radioisotopes in gauges. 2.3 Insect Control In Malaysia, crop destruction by insects is reaching to about 10% of the total harvest nationwide. Chemical based insecticides have been the usual weapon for years in effort to minimize these losses yet they have not been very effective. This is due to some insects have grew resistant to the insecticides applied as well as some of them leave harmful residues on plants. Sterilizing insects is one solution making use of radioisotopes. The radioisotopes technology in pest control called Sterile Insect Technique or short formed as Sterile Insect Technique comprising huge numbers of insects involving a process to irradiate their eggs using gamma radiation before they hatch to sterilise the insects. The sterile male insects will then be released in huge numbers in the areas of infestation. This ensure that there are no offspring are produced when they mate. The repeated releases of sterilised males to the area caused the population of the insect in the affected area is tremendously reduced. Several Sterile Insect Technique operations have been implemented in Malaysia involving common paddy pest like brown plant hopper that was then declared a complete success. A very successful Sterile Insect Technique campaign was extended to aedes mosquito leading to health benefits to humans. Some of the livestock are unable to be farmed as a result of the tsetse fly which has parasite trypanosome inside their body causing the sleeping sickness disease on cattle. Thanks to the application of radioisotopes in pest controls this situation is starting to change. Three United Nation organizations that is the IAEA, the FAO and the World Health Organisation (WHO) are promoting this radioisotopes technology in many other countries. 2.4 Food Preservation A major amount of food harvested in Malaysia is lost because of spoilage caused by microbes and pests. In a hungry world it’s a luxury we cannot afford. The reduction of food spoilage due to infestation is very important. It is imperative in Malaysia with hot and humid climates throughout the year that favour the survival of microbes and pest. This grave situation lead to the use of irradiation technology in food preservation. This radioisotopes technology is widely used in over 40 countries where health authorities have approved the use of irradiation involving more than 60 kinds of food ranging from spices, grains, fruit, vegetables and meat. Irradiation is able to replace the use of hazardous chemical to eliminate insects from infesting dried fruit, grain, legumes, and spices. Besides to reduce spoilage after harvesting, application of food irradiation is driven by risks about food-borne diseases as well as rapidly increasing international trade in food stocks which ought to meet certain standards of quality. On our nation recent trip into space, our astronauts also eat foods preserved by irradiation technology. Food irradiation is done by exposing high levels of gamma radiation to raw foods to kills bacteria and other hazardous microorganisms without reducing the nutritional value of food itself. This is so far the only way of destroying bacterial pathogens in raw and frozen food. Recommendation of radioisotope applications for country that lacks natural resources 3.1 Gamma Radiography Under the effort of making full use of radioisotopes technology in in under developed countries, gamma radiography is one of the considered technique. Being a country with limited resources, it is the utmost importance not to waste even a particle of available resources. This is mainly highly applicable in the production line in industries such as mills as well as gas and petroleum pipe lines. By introducing gamma radiography in industries, there will be an optimum usage of resources. That can be done by minimizing the waste of resources mainly related to the maintenance of production line. The use of gamma radiography over x-rays devices to identify the flaws in the production line is able to reduce the maintenance cost. Maintenance involving a remote equipment such as gas and petroleum pipeline can also be done much easier and cost wise by utilizing radiography technology. This will boost the undergoing development effort in developing under developed countries by two main strategy that is optimum usage of resources and cost efficient maintenance line. 3.2 Insect Control Limited food reserve is a critical problem that should be addressed involving under developed countries. Starvation has become the number one killer for many decades in under developed countries especially in Africa region. This has something to do with the poor food and resources management as well as the invasion of crop and plants by insects. Not only insects play a major role in causing starvation, they also affect the declining of health quality of a country by spreading fatal sickness such as malaria. The use of radioisotopes in a technique called Sterile Insect Technique or also known as SIT will be able to reduce starvation in under developed countries from a higher level of perspective. In conjunction to the effort of other countries to continue providing aid in food material by sending raw food material and improving health quality by sending respective vaccine to the under developed countries, the country itself has to come up with a more effective way to come out of these problem in the long run. The introduction to Sterile Insect Technique might be a good start. This technique without doubt will have positive impacts in reducing the number of crop destroying and diseases carrying insects tremendously. 3.3 Food Preservation Being able to harvest crop is one thing, while the ability to have the stock preserved for a long run use is another different thing. The inability to preserve food stock in an efficient way will only cause a major food spoilage before they can even be distributed to the citizen. By implementing the use of radioisotopes technology to preserve food using irradiation technique help to prevent food spoilage from happening providing an extra amount of effective time for the food to reach its respective consumers. As a result, consumers has better access to ready stock food as well as contribute to the positive impact in reducing starvation in under developed countries. Irradiation technique cover another aspect beside food preservation that is eliminating the risk of food borne diseases to be spread among the consumers. Exposure of gamma radiation to food has more positive impact besides extending food lifespan itself. It also indirectly improve the health quality of the citizen by avoiding unnecessary diseases that might come together with the food consumed. Impacts of radioisotopes application 4.1 Gamma Radiography The technology involving radioisotopes application in gamma radiography equipment has its own benefits mainly to the industries. This including the reduction of cost in buying gamma radiography equipment over x-ray machine. Cost reduction can also be related to the need of external electrical power by x-ray machine as compare to gamma radiography equipment that does not require power to operate. Gamma radiography has also makes the maintenance process much easier by eliminating the need to dismantle production line machine component to identify flaws. The use of gamma radiography has minimal risk to the industry. The worst case to happen is the exposure to the staff operating the maintenance and inspection procedure. Exposure to gamma radiation may lead to the degeneration of health depends on the level amount of exposure received. To prevent this, the standard in manufacturing the sources of gamma radiation must be controlled. That of course to make sure the use of titanium case as the main material for radioactive capsules. Radiation suit must also be worn by maintenance staff at all times while operating such procedures. 4.2 Insect Control Sterile Insect Technique or SIT has been proven effective in controlling insect population which has greatly contributed in improving crops production as well as reducing the number of health cases related to diseases carrying insects. The use of radioisotopes technology over conventional chemical insecticides also reduce the risk of hazardous chemical substance. This provide a much cleaner pest and insect control mechanism mainly in agriculture. While SIT continue to carry such good reputation in agriculture, there has been some debate that the radiation might spread to general population not only affecting insects but also to the environment where the insects are released at. In contrary to that concern, the use of SIT is a calculated risk that ensure a zero harm to the environment. This was made sure by thorough research programmes to select the most suitable radioisotopes to be used in agriculture. The main criteria of radioisotopes used is the rate of half-life cycle and the minimal impact to the environment. Plus, the sterilization takes place in a controlled lab involving the exposure of radiation to the insects before it hatches. The insect will only be released to designed areas after they hatches and at the end of the half life cycle. 4.1 Food Preservation Food irradiation has become the most reliable way of preserving food. In contrary to other preservation method, food irradiation does not alter the taste and the structure of the preserved food. Irradiation also covers a very wide range of food including meat, grains and vegetables. Plus, food radiation also kill potential harmful microorganism that might harm human health. Like any other radioisotopes applications, irradiation has cause some concern to the society. One of the issues that came up is whether or not the radioisotopes used will affect ones who consume food preserved by irradiation. Radiation poisoning can be fatal to human thus elevating the number of people questioning the reliability of this technology. Little that they know that the technique is a result of numerous trials and research and decades of development before it was approved to be used in food preservation. Irradiation uses a safe amount of radiation which has already been proved harmless to human. Apart of the health issue posed by irradiation, this particular method of food preservation also has limitation on extending food lifespan. This related to the application involving meat preservation which still need a proper refrigeration to stay fresh. Conclusion Radioisotopes has been very beneficial to mankind. The application cover a wide range of field including gamma radiography, insect control and food preservation. Since the application of radioisotopes in atomic bomb, this technology were regarded as the most promising application of our new knowledge of the atom. Venturing into new fields come together with substantial risks. Risks due to our ignorance of what and how it should be used as well as risks due to the lack ethical values in developing radioisotopes technology. It is up to us to make full use of this great technology without diverging from our concern in ethics and scientific values.

The Joy Luck Club :: essays research papers

Please refer to the book, â€Å"The Joy Luck Club† by Amy Tan. Turn to page 35(for those with the red cover version by the series editor, Judith Baxter) and refer to the story ‘Scar’. Extract: â€Å" I was sitting at the top of the stairs when she arrived. I knew it was my mother†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦She cried with a wailing voice that was so sad. And then I remembered the dream with my mother’s voice.† (till page 37) Question 1: EXPLAIN CLEARLY WHAT FEELINGS IN THIS PASSAGE AROUSES IN YOU TOWARDS AN-MEI AND HER MOTHER. YOU SHOULD REFER CLOSELY TO THE EXTRACT IN SUPPORT OF YOUR ANSWER. I am saddened by the relationship between An-mei and her mother. â€Å" I knew it was my mother even though I had not seen her in all my memory†, this shows us that, despite being mother and daughter, they did not have the opportunity to establish a close bond. An-mei had no memories of her mother, even though she â€Å"knew it was my mother†. An-mei’s mother is foreign and strange to her as her mother looked â€Å"strange too, like the missionary ladies at our school, who were insolent and bossy in their too-tall shoes, foreign clothes, and short hair†. I am touched by An-mei’s mother’s perseverance and determination to go to her dying mother. An-mei’s aunt â€Å"quickly looked away†, â€Å"did not call her by name† and â€Å"offer her tea†, which is the Chinese traditional way of treating visitors. Even the servant looked down on her as she â€Å"hurried away with a displeased look†. Despite the aunt’s protest, â€Å"Too late, too late†, it â€Å"did not stop my mother†. In spite of the humiliation and disrespect given by the aunt and servant, An-mei’s mother did not leave as she tolerated all this for the sake of Popo, her own mother. I feel sorry for An-mei as her mind has been greatly influenced by her grandmother. She observed her mother and â€Å"saw that she had a long white neck†, â€Å"just like the goose that had laid me† (one of her grandmother’s stories). She knew she â€Å"was the girl whose belly held a colourless winter melon†. â€Å" Popo told me not to speak her name†, thus An-mei â€Å"stood there, mute†, not daring to address her mother. This is pitiful of An-mei as she does not deserve this treatment from her grandmother, making her confused and hesitant towards her mother. I have pity for An-mei as she â€Å"did not look for fear my head would burst and my brains would dribble out of my ears†, scared as she laid in her mother’s arms.

Difference in Gothic and Romanesque architecture Essay

Different Architecture of Romanesque and Gothic Inspired Buildings There have been numerous pilgrimages made across France and Spain, each one just as unique as the one before it. Along these routes there are an immeasurable number of magnificent churches and temples each with their own history, architecture and art work, making them very distinctive. Time and place are important influences of the design of these churches and temples when they were built; this means that we have encountered scores of distinct architectural types along our pilgrimages. I will examine as well as compare the similarities and differences of two types of architecture from the middle ages called Romanesque and Gothic. Romanesque and Gothic architecture differ in many ways from how the exterior looks to the mood on the inside to the sculptures, arch types and the clerestory. The two architectural types are different because they were influenced by the different forces surrounding them at the time. The periods in time when these architectures were being defined played an important role in the outcome. Romanesque architecture started being used in the 6th century and eventually evolved into Gothic architecture in the 12th century which lasted until the 16th century .1 We can see clear evolution of the distinct features of Romanesque architecture morphing into Gothic architecture. During the 12th century there are buildings containing features of both Romanesque and Gothic architecture. As the buildings would take years to complete, the initial stages of the building would be Romanesque and the later parts would be Gothic. I will look closely at two churches while also touching on other churches that we have discussed this semester and compare their features. St Sernin in Toulouse, France and Notre Dame Cathedral in Chartres, France will represent Romanesque and Gothic respectably. The church of St Sernin is the largest church in Toulouse, the fourth largest city in France, and it is Romanesque architecture at its finest. Toulouse was once part of a region called Roman Gaul and the church was built during the time of the Roman Empire. This is why we see Romanesque architecture throughout France and areas of Spain. The Notre Dame Cathedral in Chartres, France is considered to be one of the most important Gothic buildings, not only along the pilgrimage routes but in the world. Unlike Toulouse, Chartres is a tiny little country town however, Notre Dame  Cathedral is famous for its beautiful architecture, unique sculptures and awe inspiring stain glass windows. The exterior of Romanesque architecture was built more for function than beauty. We find most of this architecture embedded in castles where defence was imperative. While defence was n’t as important for the churches we can still see this style existing in many Romanesque churches. â€Å"The walls of Romanesque buildings are often of massive thickness with few comparatively small openings†.2 Having thick walls and small windows, the castles were almost impenetrable however this meant the design of the churches were relatively simplistic when compared to Gothic buildings. When we look at St Sernin we able to identify these features. There are numerous windows around the church however as St Sernin is a rather large Church you would expect to see more windows with other styles of architecture. The front of St Sernin has one large round window but the rest of this facing is mainly stone with few relatively small windows. When we compare this to Gothic architecture we can see a significant difference. When Romanesque architecture evolved into Gothic architecture the arches were no longer just for sustaining the weight, they became more visually appealing. Gothic architecture came to be because of â€Å"a unique combination of existing technologies†¦ Those technologies were the ogival or pointed arch, the ribbed vault, and the flying buttress†.3 These new technologies meant that the exterior walls could be thinner and have more windows as the weight of the roof and upper levels were better distributed through clustered columns. Having lighter walls and more windows and openings led to more decorative and visually stunning buildings considered to be works of art. Notre Dame Cathedral is an impressive work of art which uses all the new technologies in displaying one of the finest examples of Gothic architecture. The facade of the cathedral is high and well decorated. There is a magnificent round window which is the centre piece of the face which is surrounded by countless pointed arch windows designed to support the weight. Unlike the church of St Sernin where most of the front wall was stone, Notre Dame’s front wall consists mostly of windows. These exterior features had a significant impact on the interior feel and m ood of the buildings. The amount of light let in by the two comparative architectural types has a lot to do with the feel and mood of the interior. When entering different buildings one â€Å"can feel the difference between the [two types of]  architecture†.4 When it comes to the Romanesque style of St Sernin, very little light is able to penetrate the thick walls with little openings which makes the interior mood feel dark and gloomy. When you compare that to the Gothic Notre Dame, with its numerous windows it has a completely different feel. Instead of feeling dark and gloomy like St Sernin, Notre Dame’s interior has a much lighter and a more inviting mood. ] Another defining feature of Gothic architecture is one of the new technologies, the pointed or ogival arches. This new way of carrying the weight was revolutionary as costs could be cut by having more glass and less stone work. Structural â€Å"use of the pointed arch gave a greater flexibility to architectural form, it also gave Gothic architecture a very different visual character to Romanesque†.5 These arches meant the ceiling could be made higher than before symbolising an aspiration for heaven. All Gothic openings such as windows, doorways and galleries are made with pointed arches. The church at St Sernin is no exception to this rule. Looking at the outside of the building all you can see is pointed arch doors and windows. It is the same once you have entered the building, pointed archways running down both sides of church. Compared to Gothic architecture, Romanesque architecture was an outdated technique when it came to efficiency. Romanesque design wasn’t as adv anced, instead of using efficient pointed arches like Gothic designs; rounded or semi circle arches were used for their arches. This is more efficient at holding weight than a square doorway but not as efficient as a pointed arch. To overcome this weakness of the rounded arches â€Å"instead of a single round arch of stone to span an opening†¦ [they use] multitudinous arches†.6 This way the weight load is spread over numerous arches instead of a single arch. When we look at the church in St Sernin the doorways and windows are all rounded. The main entrance has two large rounded doorways, when we look closely we can see it isn’t a like the other arches, to carry the weight they have made the arch wider than the wall coming out a few feet. When we go inside we can see that on top of the rows of columns on the interior there are rounded arches, even the roof is a rounded arch which is supported by moulded arches. Sculpture work that exists on the inside and outside of churches had two purposes. Intricate sculpture works on the churches were visually appealing making them more attractive to pilgrims and tourists and it was also a way of storytelling that was guaranteed to last  as long as the church. Romanesque sculptures evolved over the years having three distinct periods. A primitive period, the second period was marked by baroque exaggeration and the final refining and assimilating period.7 This style of sculpture work often depicts scenes of everyday life including both people and animals. While the scenes of the sculptures rarely altered, how they were depicted was. In the second period â€Å"[g]rotesque figures of men and animals, and designs derived from vegetable kingdom†8 were common. As we move into the third period depictions are more realistic. At St Sernin there is an abundance of Romanesque sculptures carved into the south portal. It is an early piece of Romanesque scul pture work as the subjects of the art work are all regular in appearance. Over the south portal is a scene of Christ with the twelve apostles below looking up at him. This was a common enough depiction of Christ in Romanesque design, a very similar piece had been carved on a different church carved twelve years earlier. The end of the Romanesque period flowed smoothly into the new Gothic style of sculpture work. While it continued the â€Å"tradition of Romanesque sculpture, but it changed in its iconography †¦ tending towards a didactic representation of the most important persons and scenes in the Holy Scripture†.9 Other common themes are the twelve months and the signs of the zodiac, angels and saints. Gothic architecture took the already existing Romanesque architecture and channelled this into a more comprehensive and calculated work of art with the ability to touch any individual that gazes upon her art and for individuals who understand Gothic sculpture have a deeper appreciation. The faà §ade at Notre Dame Cathedral has three magnificent doorways, and above the centre doorway is a great depiction of Christ created using a Gothic sculpture style. Christ is standing surrounded by an eagle, bull, lion and a winged man. Visitors are able to enjoy this work for its quality although t hose who understand the piece realise that the eagle represents Saint John, the bull represents Saint Luke, the lion represents Saint Mark and the winged man represents Saint Matthew. Gothic and Romanesque architecture dominated the middle ages used to create magnificent churches, temples and castles considered to be works of art. Romanesque architecture evolved into Gothic architecture during the 12th century. While these two types of architecture sometimes overlapped during the transitional period, Gothic and Romanesque architecture are like chalk and cheese when you examine them closely. From the ingenuity of the design, the mood and feel of the interior, the visual effect of the exterior and the beautiful sculpture work. Gothic architectures used all of the available technologies available to them, so they were able to create structures that Romanesque architectures could only dream of. These new design methods meant that the interior mood has also morphed; Romanesque architecture had a damp and dark mood which evolved into the bright and inviting Gothic architecture. Sculptures went from being grotesque figures in Romanesque architecture to a more defined and meaningful work of art in Gothic architecture. These two different styles of architecture may be different however they are still both quite capable of inspiring individuals which means that they will be a destination for pilgrims and tourists for the years to come. Bibliography Browne, Edith A, Romanesque Architecture (Kessinger Publishing, 2005) Frankl, Paul, Gothic Architecture (Yale University Press, 2000) Groce, Jenae, An Introduction to Gothic Architecture (World Technologies, 2012) Morey, Charles R., The Source of Romanesque Sculpture (College Art Association, 1919)